Government in serving and perform their duties compelled of CONSOLATION contract, in this contract simple all of them, the public Accuracy is necessity. In addition this TERMS, article 79 of calculation law, need the TERMS of tender and Auction in governments contracts. In first of formality until signature contract, three stage be traversed, publication notice tender and auction, suggestion price of parties, and in the final signature the contract. Multiplicity of this stages cause that difference among juristic what the OFFERs and what the accept, and when the contract is calculation. For removal this difference, determination OFFERs in government contract is necessity. In this article next of definition OFFER with expression that trait in law and jurisprudence of Iran, study the OFFER in government contracts, with accuracy in expression mentioned and with law and jurisprudence that subject, it seem signature is CONSOLATION contract.

Boethius, the great Christian philosopher of the 6th century, has an important treatise on political philosophy called CONSOLATION of Philosophy. In this treatise, he speaks of several philosophical categories one of which is power. He discussed this category on the threshold of the Middle Age following a philosophical approach and under the guise of some religious ideas. While distinguishing between human internal and external constituents, he views power as one of the constituents of human happiness, and since happiness is an internal affair, it cannot be increased or decreased by means of external factors. In its external form, power is not an appropriate factor and guarantee for the establishment and subsistence of happiness. Boethius officially recognizes external power, particularly in its political form, but he has a collective view of power. Therefore, no kind of power alone can bring about happiness for human beings, on the contrary, it might also be considered a sign of misery. This philosopher believes that a part of misfortunes of philosophy is rooted in such separated powers.

Managing public opinion requires spending from the production to the distribution of content; The existence of costs along with resource constraints necessitates the optimal allocation of resources. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of public opinion management in promoting compassionate behavior using the method of laboratory economics. Compassionate behavior in the conditions of economic warfare not only mitigates the effects of this war in the economic dimension, but also significantly increases social solidarity by strengthening social foundations and effectively reduces the effects of economic warfar. Identifying the most vulnerable groups in the face of different types of media, as well as identifying the most vulnerable groups of people in order to allocate resources to promote Compassionate behavior, significantly optimizes and make effective the management of public opinion. For this purpose, the experimental economics method was used in which it is possible to control the disturbing variables and apply the intervention and evaluate its impact. The subjects were selected from 486 people by controlled sampling method. Of these, 250 were men. The experimental design used was within design. In order to analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of covariance was used. The results of the study identified the factors affecting this economic behavior as well as the most vulnerable group of people in order to allocate resources optimally to strengthen and expand this behavioral virtue.

The Book OFFER is a new section in the "Ayeneh Pazhuhesh" journal where we introduce new books in the fields of Islamic studies, religious studies, history, culture, and art of Muslim societies. Our priority is to introduce books that have not been translated into Persian and have been published by reputable publishers. The three books introduced in this issue are: A Social History of Late Ottoman Women, New Perspective The Abbasid Caliphate: A History Constructions of Gender in Late Antique Manichaean Cosmological Narrative

The Book OFFER is a new section in the "Ayeneh Pazhouhesh" Journal, dedicated to introducing new books in the fields of Islamic studies, religious studies, history, culture, and art in Muslim societies. Our priority is to introduce books that have not been translated into Persian and have been published by reputable university publishers. Two books introduced in this issue are: Pre-Islamic Arabia: Societies Politics Cults and Identities during Late Antiquity Religion, Orientalism and Modernity: Mahdi Movements of Iran and South Asia

The Book OFFER is a new section in the Ayeneh Pazhuhesh journal, dedicated to introducing new books in the fields of Islamic studies, religious studies, history, culture, and art in Muslim societies. The priority is given to introducing books that have not been translated into Persian and have been published by reputable academic publishers. In this issue, three books are introduced: The World of the Ancient Silk Road" "Baghdad and Isfahan" "Land and Trade in Early Islam: The Economic History of the Islamic Middle East from 750 to 1050 AD"

Book Covenant is a new section in the Ayeneh Pazhuhesh journal where we introduce newly published books in the fields of Islamic studies, religious studies, history, culture, and art in Muslim societies. Our priority is to introduce books that have not been translated into Persian and have been published by reputable academic publishers. In this issue, we introduce three books: “The Modern Arabic Bible” “Judaism and Islam: Boundaries and Interactions” “Imagination of the Ancient World in Islamic Societies”

After industrial revolution in nineteenth century, some amazing improvements appeared in scientific field. Outbreak of these improvements in world society created a lot of new problems and made jurists to find solution. One of these accessions is firm OFFER. So about the effect of firm OFFER in the opposite of some jurists and lawyers we should say, OFFER is an unilateral juridical act that it doesn'tcreate any obligation for OFFERor, and he can withdraw of his OFFER in every time before acceptance. it means, it doesn't make any obligation, merely, by binding the OFFER with limited time. Unless, the OFFERor has extincted revocation right impliedly or expressly. So, about the tortious liability of withdrawer only by resort on the rule of la-zarar (or causing loss and damage is prohibited in Islam, through abusing one's own property) - according to this point that rule can be able to create ordinance - under some circumstances is obliged to compensate for another party's losses.

Extended Abstract: “The CONSOLATION of Philosophy” is one of Boethius' treatises representing Boethius' philosophy. Boethius’ political collapse has occurred at the time of writing “The CONSOLATION of Philosophy”. In this treatise, he has sought to find out whether happiness, such as wealth, power, honor, etc., which are not lasting and eternal, can give true peace to Man. In fact, he has sought an eternal peace. Just as a political collapse causes loss of power, wealth, honor, etc. for Boethius or any other politicians, Corona disease, with its peculiarity of "epidemic" process, has imposed heavy economic and psychological consequences on humans. This article sought to find out whether Boethius's CONSOLATION of philosophy in dealing with false happiness could be generalized to a pandemic like Corona similar to the cases of political collapse and its aftermath. To this end, we analyzed Boethius' views on false happiness and true goodness in “The CONSOLATION of philosophy”. According to Boethius, what distinguishes the true goodness from false happiness is its stability. True peace depends on achieving happiness that is eternal. True goodness should not be like happiness of Man’s material part, which is unstable and may be destroyed at any moment by the factors that are considered necessary for the unstable world. Thus, for Boethius, true goodness is related to Man’s immaterial component, the soul, which is immortal. In fact, philosophy has helped Boethius to become acquainted with the true nature of welfare and realize that changes in wealth and welfare are inherent, concluding that what is variable cannot be eternal. The only real property and wealth that worldly events and changing things cannot take from Man is his own truth, to which he must pay a due attention. Boethius is of the belief that even if Man loses all the qualities that distinguish him from others and what he possesses, he is still a human and his humanity is not destroyed by losses. Therefore, the purpose of his life must be drawn out on the basis of this true essence. If this is Man’s basic criterion of life, his losses, illness, political downfall, etc. do not matter anymore. What is important is to return to his self-nature. What we achieve is always with us and we will not be at peace until we achieve it. The desire for true goodness is naturally in human’s soul and what keeps Man away from this goodness is paying attention to false external happiness such as wealth, honor, power, etc. Boethius believed that all creatures seek to achieve a single goal, namely happiness, in different ways and this happiness is the most perfect good. Since it encompasses all goodness, there is no goodness above it, thus, whoever achieves this supreme goodness would not seek anything else. Philosophy helps Man to be guided towards goodness, i. e., God, through self-knowledge and the process of returning to his self. Boethius believes that these new conditions are not the result of a political collapse that changes wealth and welfare, but that change and instability are inherent in them and appear only in new conditions, no matter if this new situation is a political collapse or an epidemic or any other phenomenon. The importance of these new conditions is in reminding the instabilities of wealth and material prosperity and human's need and desire for an eternal thing--a real and fixed thing that cannot be lost. Recognizing and evaluating the new conditions and analyzing the reasons for these misfortunes and losses serve Man as a reminder to know himself and the end of his life, thus trying to achieve the eternal truth. This is the path that Boethius takes in the wake of the political collapse and its necessities. Therefore, there is no difference between Corona disease and political collapse or between one person and many people, the nature of unhappiness is variability and instability. Whether it is related to a natural phenomenon, a disease, or a political equation, it reveals a changing nature.

introduction Land use is generally referred to as the use of land in the present state. Land cover and its changes can cause greenhouse gas emissions Which causes climate change. climate change and land use interact with each other. This matter is of great importance in sensitive areas especially in arid and desert areas. These areas are sensitive to climate change and land use. In the case of climate change detection, the drought study has been very much considered in recent years. Iran is one of the countries that has suffered heavy damage from this natural threat because of being in the dry and desert region of the world. Various researchers have pointed to the relationship between land and climate change around the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between land use and land use planningin in relation to climate change. This research proposes the new Land Use Planning approach in relation to land use as a management tool for climate change mitigation and carbon footprint reduction. Introduction Land use is generally referred to as the use of land in the present state. Land cover and its changes can cause greenhouse gas emissions Which causes climate change. climate change and land use interact with each other. This matter is of great importance in sensitive areas especially in arid and desert areas. These areas are sensitive to climate change and land use. In the case of climate change detection, the drought study has been very much considered in recent years. Iran is one of the countries that has suffered heavy damage from this natural threat because of being in the dry and desert region of the world. Various researchers have pointed to the relationship between land and climate change around the world( Cuo, Zhang, Gao, Hao, Cairang, 2013; Delgado, Gaspari, Kruse, 2015). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between land use and land use planningin in relation to climate change. This research proposes the new Land Use Planning approach in relation to land use as a management tool for climate change mitigation and carbon footprint reduction. Material and methodes Introducing the study area Kashan watershed covers about 5574 square kilometers and Located in the north of Isfahan province and southwest of Tehran. The climaye of the study area is classified in dry or desert climate In the plain areas and it is classified in the semi-arid climate, in the mountainous regions according to Domartan method The tools and methods in this research include: A. Land use: In order to study land use changes, Landsat5 MSS images, 1985; Landsat-7 ETM+ images, 2000 and Landsat 8 OLI, 2017 were used. B. Climate change weather data available over the 30 year period from 1988 until 2017 at 7 meteorological stations: Kashan, Isfahan, Golpaiegan, Natanz, Meime, Ardestan, Najafabad(table1). This historical, data were obtained from the Islamic Republic of Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO) The model was validated using three methods: 1. Coefficient of Determination(R^2), 2. root-mean-square error (RMSE), 3. Mean Squared Error )MAE) C. Low Carbon Land Use Planning(Green land use planning) Green land use planning(GLUP) is to determine the suitable use of each region based on its potential, so that a land use with lower carbon levels be selected in place of more carbon levels. C1. Standardization of constraints and limitations C2. Weighing the constraints and limitations C3. Multi-criteria evaluation by weighted linear combination (WLC) Research findings Classification of images The results of the changes shown tha t Agricultural land use area increased by 5. 7%, Bare land area by 0. 61%, and Residental area by 0. 32% of the total study area during the period (1985-2000). Range land, Sanddune, Salt land, Garden have decreased by 5. 05, 0. 92, 0. 57 and 0. 1% respectively. The results of Investigating the changes during the time period (2000-2017) show that Salt land, Residental and garden area increased by 12. 20, 1. 07 and 0. 28 percent, respectively, and Range land, agriculture, Bare land and Sanddune area were 5. 62, 4. 69, 2. 52 and 0. 73 percent, respectively. Validation of downscaling model The results of the indicators indicate that the SDSM model has a more accuracy than the daily scale in the monthly and seasonal and annual scales for the downscaling of the precipitation parameter in the studied watershed. And in general, this model has a good performance in downscaling region precipitation. The results of Validation of downscaling model Based on the results of the SDSM, RCP4. 5 predicts the lowest average rainfall of 0. 2 in December and the highest average rainfall of. 08 in May. Drought assessment The results of 12month spI index for overall study period during 1950-2050 show that in 1985 there was a drought in the range from 1. 5 to 1. 99, which indicates the sever drought on the studied area, In 2000, the drought is located in the 0. 99-99 range, which represents a near-normal drought. In 2017, the average 12-month SPI is reduced, and drought is in the 1. 99-to-1. 5-range, which indicates hard drought. Based on the SPI index for the next years 2030 (2011-2050), under the 4. 5 scenario, the drought is reduced compared to the baseline and is located on the range of-2 and less range, which indicates an sever drought, indicating that the monthly precipitation Will decrease in 2030 during the climate change. Evaluation of ecological land capability Ecological capability was evaluated for 8 land uses( Agriculture, range land, forestry, conservation, Extensive and intensive tourism and urban and rural development. Green Land Use Planning (Low Carbon Land Use Planning) The green land use planning map was created with priority for land uses with less water consumption and less carbon, to reduce the impact on climate change for the Kashan plain watershed. Reasults The trend of change in Kashan plain watershed shows that at the same time as the study began, the trend of climate change (1985) has increased the agricultural and residential and industrial land araes. In general, these applications have the greatest impact on the rate of evapotranspiration and reduction of water resources and increased greenhouse gas emissions. With the continuation of the climate change trend and the negative trend of drought, the agricultural land and Range land areas have decreased and increased against the salt land areas. This situation is due to the reduction of agricultural land efficiency due to soil salinity and drying of irrigation wells and the abandonment of these lands, especially in the salt lake and the northern lands of Aran, Bidgol, Abu Zayedabad and Nasr Abad.